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to fortify

  • 1 mūniō

        mūniō īvī, ītum, īre    [moenia], to wall, defend with a wall, fortify, defend, protect, secure, strengthen: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, i. e. for use in fortifications, N.: palatium, L.: locum, Cs.: Alpibus Italiam munierat antea natura: castra vallo fossāque, with palisades and a trench, Cs.: ab incendio urbs vigiliis munita, S.: multā vi Albam, i. e. build and fortify, V.: locus hibernis munitus, Cs.— To defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter: spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum.—Of roads, to make, make passable, open, pave: iter, Cs.: viam: rupem, L.—Fig., to guard, secure, strengthen, support: subsidia rei p. praesidiis: imperium, N.: se contra pudorem, Ta.: se contra perfidiam.—With viam, to make a way: accusandi viam, prepared your way: sibi viam ad stuprum.
    * * *
    munire, munivi, munitus V
    fortify; strengthen; protect, defend, safeguard; build (road)

    Latin-English dictionary > mūniō

  • 2 vāllō

        vāllō āvī, ātus, āre    [vallum], to fortify with a rampart, surround with palisades, intrench, circumvallate: castra, L.: noctem, i. e. intrench themselves at night, Ta.—Fig., to fortify, protect, defend: Pontus et naturā et regione vallatus: haec omnia quasi saepimento aliquo vallabit disserendi ratione: Catilina vallatus sicariis.
    * * *
    vallare, vallavi, vallatus V
    surround/fortify/furnish (camp, etc) with a palisaded rampart

    Latin-English dictionary > vāllō

  • 3 cingō

        cingō xī, īnctus, ere,    to go around, surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown: Cingatur (mens) corpore: coronā consessus cinctus est: (navīs) aggere cingit harenae, V.: os cinctum serpentibus. — To surround with a girdle, gird on, gird; esp. pass. with abl, to be girded, be encircled: sacerdotes Pellibus cincti, in leather girdles, V.: Hispano cingitur gladio, L.: cingor fulgentibus armis, V.: ense latus cingit, O.: cinctas resolvite vestes, O.: inutile ferrum Cingitur, V.: cinctae ad pectora vestes, O.: puer alte cinctus, i. e. ready, H.— Pass, to gird oneself, make ready, prepare: Cingitur in proelia, V.—To encircle with a garland, crown. tempora pampino, H.: tempora ramis, V. de tenero flore caput, O.—Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose: civitas cincta Gallorum gentibus: flumen oppidum cingit, Cs.: urbe portus ipse cingitur: mare, quo cingi terrarum orbem fides, bounded, Ta.: cinxerunt aethera nimbi, covered, V.—Fig.: diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus, fortify.—In war, to surround, fortify, invest, beset, besiege: castra vallo, L.: equitatus latera cingebat, Cs.: urbem obsidione, to besiege, V. — Fig.: Sicilia multis undique cincta periculis, beset: flammā Reginam, envelope in the fire of love, V.—To escort, accompany: regi praetor et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, L.: cincta virgo matrum catervā, O.
    * * *
    cingere, cinxi, cinctus V TRANS
    surround/encircle/ring; enclose; beleaguer; accompany; gird, equip; ring (tree)

    Latin-English dictionary > cingō

  • 4 fīrmō

        fīrmō āvī, ātus, āre    [firmus], to make firm, strengthen, fortify, sustain: corpora firmari labore voluerunt: corpora cibo, L.: vestigia, V.— Fig., to fortify, strengthen, secure, confirm, assure, reinforce, make lasting: urbem colonis: locum munitionibus, Cs.: aditūs urbis, V.: aciem subsidiis, L.: vocem: firmatā iam aetate, matured: pacem, L.: pro firmato stare, L.— To strengthen in resolution, encourage, animate: animum consilio: nostros, Cs.: plebem provocatione, L.: animum pignore, V.: firmato voltu, with a resolute countenance, Ta.— To confirm, establish, show, prove, declare, make certain: fidem, T.: id (crimen) argumentis: foedera (dictis), V.
    * * *
    firmare, firmavi, firmatus V
    strengthen, harden; support; declare; prove, confirm, establish

    Latin-English dictionary > fīrmō

  • 5 prae-mūniō

        prae-mūniō īvī, ītus, īre,     to fortify in front: aditūs magnis operibus, Cs.: non praemunito vallo, L.—Fig., to fortify, protect, secure: genus (dicendi) praemunitum: ut ante praemuniat, prepare his defences (of an orator).—To set forth as a defence: quae praemuniuntur reliquo sermoni, are premised to anticipate objections: illud praefulci et praemuni, ut, etc., secure beforehand.

    Latin-English dictionary > prae-mūniō

  • 6 saepiō

        saepiō (not sēp-), psī, ptus, īre    [saepes], to surround with a hedge, hedge in, fence in, enclose: saeptum undique dumetis sepulcrum.— To enclose, surround, encircle, fortify, guard: comitium et curiam: omnīs fori aditūs: urbem moenibus: oppidum operibus: castra tectis parietum pro muro saepta, L.: oculos membranis tenuissimis: restituat legiones intra saltum quo saeptae fuerunt, L.: se tectis, i. e. shut up, V.: pubes inermis ab armatis saepta, L.: At Venus obscuro gradientīs aëre saepsit, V.—Fig., to surround, enclose, encompass: (inventa) ornare oratione; post memoriā saepire, i. e. get by heart: (eloquentia) saepta liberali custodiā: locum omnem cogitatione, beset. —To fortify, protect, guard, strengthen: saeptus legibus, guarded: omnia pudore saepta animadverterat, L.: (mulieres) saeptā pudicitiā agunt, Ta.
    * * *
    saepire, saepsi, saeptus V TRANS
    surround/envelop/enfold/encircle; clothe/cover/protect; close/seal off; shut in; hedge/fence in, surround (w/hedge/wall/fence/barrier/troops); enclose; confine

    Latin-English dictionary > saepiō

  • 7 cingo

    cingo, xi, nctum, 3, v. a. [cf. Gr kullos, kurtos;

    Lat. curvus, and clingo,

    Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 545 sq. ], to go round in a circle, to surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Prop
    A.
    In gen.:

    quid autem interius mente? Cingatur igitur corpore externo,

    i. e. it must be enclosed in a body, Cic. N. D 1, 11, 27:

    non enim coronà consessus vester cinctus est, ut solebat,

    id. Mil. 1, 1; cf.:

    judicium insolitā trepidum cinxere coronă,

    Luc. 1, 321;

    tris (navīs) Eurus... Inhdit vadis atque aggere cingit harenae,

    Verg. A 1, 112: cincta serpentibus Hydra, id. ib 7, 658: pennae ritu coepere volucrum Cingere utrumque latus, to cover, Ov M. 6, 718, apio fasces et secto cingere porro, Col. 10, 371.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To surround the body with a girdle, to gird on (the sword), to gird; esp. freq in pass. with abl., to be girded, encircled with something. iam quasi zonā, liene cinctus ambulo, Plaut Curc. 2, 1, 5; Curt. 3, 3, 19; cf.:

    cui lati clavi jus erit, ita cingatur, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 138:

    ut cingeretur fluxiore cincturā,

    Suet. Caes. 45:

    Hispano cingitur gladio,

    Liv. 7, 10, 5; 38, 21, 13; Suet. Calig 49:

    ferro,

    id. Aug. 35: ense, Ov F. 2, 13: cingor fulgentibus armis, Verg A. 2, 749; 11, 188, 11, 536; his cingi telis, id ib. 2, 520: ense latus cingit, Ov F. 2, 784; cf. Stat. Th. 4, 41:

    cinctas resolvite vestes, Ov M. 1, 382. filios balteis,

    Vulg. Lev 8, 13.— Poet., in pass with acc. (cf. accingor, II., and Zumpt, Gr §

    458): inutile ferrum Cingitur,

    Verg. A. 2, 511: cinctaeque ad pectora vestes Bracchia docta movent, Ov M. 6, 59.—Without case: Syrinx, Ov M. 1, 695;

    puer alte cinctus,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 10.—Hence, in late Lat. cinctus = armis instructus, armatus, armed, equipped, enrolled:

    cinctus in aliā militiā,

    Dig. 39, 1, 38; cf. ib. 39, 1, 25.—As a girding up of the Roman dress was necessary in pursuits requiring physical action, hence, cingor (cf accingor), to make one ' s self ready for any thing, to prepare:

    cingitur, certe expedit se,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152;

    cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus,

    Verg. A. 11, 486; cf.

    supra,

    Quint. 11, 3, 138; Hor S. 2, 8, 10; Ov. M. 6, 59.—
    2.
    To encircle with a garland or crown, to crown (freq., esp in the poets).
    a.
    Of the head:

    muralique caput summum cinxere coronā,

    Lucr. 2, 607; cf.

    Ov A. A. 3, 392 tempora floribus,

    Hor. C. 3, 25, 20;

    Verg A. 5, 71: spicis,

    Tib. 2, 1, 4 et saep.:

    comam lauro,

    Hor. C. 3, 30, 16; cf.:

    Graias barbara vitta comas,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 78; Verg. A. 12, 163: de tenero cingite flore caput, Ov F 3, 254.— Poet.:

    Atlantis, cinctum assidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,

    Verg. A. 4, 248; 7, 658; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—
    b.
    To encircle other parts of the body:

    cujus lacertos anuli mei cingant,

    Mart. 11, 100, 2.—
    3.
    Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose (the prevailing signif. in prose, esp. in the histt.; syn.: circumdo, claudo): (Tellus) oras maris undique cingens, Lucr. 6, 633; Cat. 64, 185; 64, 286:

    flumen Dubis paene totum oppidum cingit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38 provincia mari cincta, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    urbe portus ipse cingitur et continetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 96 Zumpt:

    quod moenibus cingebatur,

    Tac. A. 13, 41:

    quae (terra) magnā ex parte cingitur fluctibus, speciem insulae praebet, etc.,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13; 8, 10, 23; Ov A. A. 2, 469: cingitur insula tribus millibus passuum, i.e. has a circuit of, etc., Plin. 6, 12, 13, § 32.— Poet.:

    cinxerunt aethera nimbi,

    covered, Verg. A. 5, 13:

    medium diem cinxere tenebrae,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 939.— Trop.;

    diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus cingitis,

    fortify, Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94.—
    4.
    In milit. lang., to surround a place or army for defence or in a hostile manner, to fortify, to invest, be set, besiege:

    coronā militum cincta urbs,

    Liv. 7, 27, 7: castra vallo, id 7, 39, 8 equites cornua cinxere. covered, id. 23, 29, 3:

    ultimum agmen validā manu,

    to cover, Curt. 4, 13, 30:

    urbem obsidione,

    to besieye, Verg. A. 3, 52;

    dextera cingitur amni,

    id. ib. 9, 469:

    (hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii,

    Tac. A. 6, 34:

    cingi ab armis hostium,

    Ov. P. 2, 8, 69; Tib. 2, 3, 37, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 42.—Trop Sicilia multis undique cincta persons. Cio. Imp. Pomp 11, 30.—
    5.
    To escort, to accompany inermi item regi praetor Achaeorum et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, Liv 32, 39, 8:

    dum latus sancti cingit tibi turba senatus, Ov P. 4, 9, 17: nec noscitur ulli, Agminibus comitum qui mode cinctus erat,

    id. Tr. 1, 5, 30:

    cincta virgo matrum catervā, id M. 12, 216, Vell 2, 14, 1,

    Tac. A. 1, 77;

    Sil 4, 448,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 322 —
    C.
    To peel off the bark around:

    cingere est deglabrare,

    Dig. 47, 7, 6 Pr, cf. Plin 17, 24, 37, § 234 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cingo

  • 8 firmo

    firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [firmus], to make firm or fast, to strengthen, fortify, support (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    lacertos,

    Lucr. 6, 397:

    corpora juvenum firmari labore voluerunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:

    corpora cibo,

    Liv. 27, 13 fin.:

    vexatos milites quiete,

    Curt. 9, 10:

    praegnantes largo pascuo,

    Col. 6, 27, 10:

    bitumen aeramentis illinitur firmatque ea contra ignes,

    Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 182:

    remedium ad dentium mobilĭs firmandos,

    id. 21, 31, 105, § 180:

    aestuaria aggeribus et pontibus,

    Tac. A. 4, 73:

    vestigia,

    Verg. A. 3, 659:

    gradum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 129:

    alvum solutam,

    to bind, Cels. 1, 3; Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to fortify, strengthen, secure; to make lasting, durable, permanent:

    (Romulus) urbem auspicato condere, et firmare dicitur primum cogitavisse rem publicam,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

    urbem colonis firmare,

    id. ib. 2, 18; so,

    novam civitatem,

    id. ib. 2, 7:

    provinciam pace praesidiisque,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 4:

    locum magnis munitionibus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3:

    turres praesidiis,

    Sall. J. 23, 1:

    aditum urbis,

    Verg. A. 11, 466:

    aciem subsidiis,

    Liv. 9, 17, 15:

    latronum opes firmare atque augere,

    Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40;

    in aliquos imperium,

    id. Sull. 11, 32:

    vocem,

    id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    firmari consuetudine,

    Quint. 11, 3, 24:

    quorum (hominum) cum adolescentiae cupiditates defervissent, eximiae virtutes firmata jam aetate exstiterunt,

    Cic. Cael. 18, 43; cf.:

    animus adolescentis nondum consilio ac ratione firmatus,

    id. Clu. 6, 13:

    firmata stirpe virtutis,

    id. Cael. 32, 79:

    pacem amicitiamque,

    Liv. 9, 3, 10:

    memoria praecipue firmatur atque alitur exercitatione,

    Quint. 1, 1, 36; so,

    memoriam,

    id. 2, 4, 15:

    opinio omnium gentium firmata consensu,

    Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

    non tamen pro firmato stetit magistratus ejus jus,

    Liv. 4, 7, 3.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To strengthen in resolution, to encourage, animate:

    cujus adventus Pompeianos compressit nostrosque firmavit, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 65, 2:

    donec firmaret consilio patres auctor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 46: suos, Just. 2, 11:

    plebem hinc provocatione, hinc tribunicio auxilio,

    Liv. 3, 55:

    cunctos alloquio et cura sibique et proelio,

    Tac. A. 1, 71:

    animum exemplis,

    id. ib. 16, 35:

    animum praesenti pignore,

    Verg. A. 3, 611:

    firmatus animi,

    Sall. Hist. Fragm. 3, 24, p. 236 ed. Gerl. (ap. Arus. Mess. p. 232 ed. Lindem.).—
    2.
    In fidelity, to make sure of, secure:

    civitates obsidibus,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 27.—
    3.
    to confirm, show, prove; to affirm, assert, declare, promise the correctness or truth of a circumstance, statement, etc. (less freq. than confirmo, affirmo):

    cum intelligat, quam multa firmentur jure jurando,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16:

    si vis et natura fati ex divinationis ratione firmabitur,

    id. Fat. 5, 11:

    firmatam dare fidem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 45; so,

    fidem,

    Ter. And. 3, 1, 4; id. Hec. 4, 2, 5:

    vix quidquam firmare ausim,

    Tac. A. 1, 81; 6, 6; id. H. 2, 9:

    hoc genus in rebus firmandum est multa prius quam Ipsius rei rationem reddere possis,

    to prove, Lucr. 6, 917:

    da augurium, atque haec omina firma,

    Verg. A. 2, 691; so,

    numina,

    id. ib. 8, 78.—
    (β).
    With object-clauses:

    seque et ibi futurum, ubi praescripserit et ea facturum, quae imperarit obsidibus datis firmat,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 9; cf.:

    paratis omnium animis reversuros firmaverunt,

    Tac. H. 2, 9:

    firmare necesse est, nil esse in promptu, etc.,

    Lucr. 6, 940.—In pass. with a subject-clause:

    sata bene provenire firmantur,

    Pall. 11, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > firmo

  • 9 permunio

    per-mūnĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a., to fortify completely, to finish fortifying (not in Cic. or Cæs.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    quae munimenta incohaverat, permunit,

    Liv. 30, 16:

    permunitas Athenas esse,

    Just. 2, 15, 9.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen., to fortify completely or thoroughly:

    castris permunitis,

    Liv. 7, 16:

    locorum opportuna permunivit,

    Tac. A. 4, 24; 2, 7:

    urbem,

    Just. 24, 7, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > permunio

  • 10 praemunio

    prae-mūnĭo ( praemoenio, Gell. 13, 27; 14, 2), īvi, ītum, 4, v. a., to fortify or defend in front (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    aditus magnis operibus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 58:

    loca necessaria,

    id. ib. 3, 112:

    Isthmum,

    id. ib. 3, 55:

    fossa,

    Tac. H. 3, 21.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To fortify, protect, secure:

    metu venenorum praemuniri medicamentis,

    of securing himself, Suet. Calig. 29:

    praemuniendae regalis potentiae gratiā,

    Vell. 2, 6, 2:

    genus (dicendi) praemunitum, et ex omni parte causae septum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32:

    praemunitus scientiā linguarum,

    fortified, Aug. Doct. Chr. 3, 1.— Absol.:

    ut ante praemuniat, of an orator's art,

    Cic. Or. 40, 137.—
    B.
    To place a thing before another for defence or strengthening:

    quae praemuniuntur omnia reliquo sermoni, quo facilius, etc.,

    are premised to obviate objections, said by way of premunition, Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34: illa, quae ex accusatorum oratione praemuniri intellegebam, brought forward or adduced in defence, id. Cael. 8, 19: primum illud praefulci et praemuni, quaeso, ut simus annui, take care of or secure beforehand, id. Att. 5, 13, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praemunio

  • 11 circum-mūniō

        circum-mūniō īvī, ītus, īre,    to wall around, fortify, secure: eos vallo fossāque, Cs.: paene ut ferae circummuniti, hemmed in, Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > circum-mūniō

  • 12 com-mūniō (conm-)

        com-mūniō (conm-) īvī    （īvīsti or īstī), ītus, īre, to fortify on all sides, secure, barricade, intrench: castella, Cs.: castra, L.: suos locos, S.: loca castellis idonea, N. — Fig., to make sure, strengthem: testimoniis causa communita: ius.

    Latin-English dictionary > com-mūniō (conm-)

  • 13 commūniō

        commūniō ōnis, f    [communis], a community, mutual participation, fellowship: inter alquos legis: sanguinis: litterarum: parietum, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    community, mutual participation; association; sharing; fellowship; communion
    II
    communire, communivi, communitus V TRANS
    fortify strongly, entrench, barricade; strengthen, secure, reinforce

    Latin-English dictionary > commūniō

  • 14 corrōborō (con-r-)

        corrōborō (con-r-) āvī, ātus, āre,    to strengthen, invigorate, make strong, corroborate: vox cum se corroborarit: cum is iam se corroboravisset, i. e. was grown up.—Fig., to encourage, fortify, strengthen: virtutem: audaciam hominis.

    Latin-English dictionary > corrōborō (con-r-)

  • 15 ē-mūniō

        ē-mūniō iī, ītus, īre,    to fortify, secure, wall off, strengthen: locus arcis in modum emunitus, L.: obice postes, V.: murus supra ceterae modum altitudinis emunitus, built up, L.—To clear, make passable: silvas ac paludes, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > ē-mūniō

  • 16 immūniō (inm-)

        immūniō (inm-) īvī, —, īre,     to fortify: praesidium, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > immūniō (inm-)

  • 17 per-mūniō

        per-mūniō īvī, ītus, īre,    to finish fortifying, fortify thoroughly: quae munimenta incohaverat, L.: castris permunitis, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > per-mūniō

  • 18 circummoenio

    circummoenire, circummoenivi, circummoenitus V TRANS
    invest with walls/siege works; wall/hem in, secure; fence around; fortify

    Latin-English dictionary > circummoenio

  • 19 circummunio

    circummunire, circummunivi, circummunitus V TRANS
    invest with walls/siege works; wall/hem in, secure; fence around; fortify

    Latin-English dictionary > circummunio

  • 20 commoenio

    commoenire, commoenivi, commoenitus V TRANS
    strongly fortify, entrench; strengthen, secure, reinforce

    Latin-English dictionary > commoenio

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  • fortify — I verb assure, augment, authenticate, bolster, brace, buoy, buttress, cheer, confirm, comfort, document, embolden, encourage, endue, entrench, harden, hearten, help, inspirit, invigorate, make safe, nurture, protect, prop, ratify, reaffirm,… …   Law dictionary

  • fortify — *strengthen, invigorate, energize, reinforce Analogous words: rally, *stir, arouse, rouse: stimulate, quicken (see PROVOKE): *renew, restore, refresh Antonyms: enfeeble Contrasted words: *weaken, debilitate: enervate, emasculate (see …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • fortify — ► VERB (fortifies, fortified) 1) provide with defensive works as protection against attack. 2) invigorate or encourage. 3) add spirits to (wine) to make port, sherry, etc. 4) increase the nutritive value of (food) by adding vitamins. DERIVATIVES …   English terms dictionary

  • fortify — [[t]fɔ͟ː(r)tɪfaɪ[/t]] fortifies, fortifying, fortified 1) VERB To fortify a place means to make it stronger and more difficult to attack, often by building a wall or ditch round it. [V n] ...British soldiers working to fortify an airbase in… …   English dictionary

  • fortify — fortifiable, adj. fortifier, n. fortifyingly, adv. /fawr teuh fuy /, v., fortified, fortifying. v.t. 1. to protect or strengthen against attack; surround or provide with defensive military works. 2. to furnish with a means of resisting force or… …   Universalium

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